Global Performance: A Multidimensional and Evolving Concept

Résumé

Abstract

Global performance has progressively evolved from a predominantly financial conception toward a broader and multidimensional understanding that incorporates the growing diversity of organizational objectives. This research aims to examine the conceptual evolution of global performance and to propose an analytical classification of its main dimensions. To achieve this objective, the research relies on a review and thematic analysis of theoretical and empirical contributions addressing organizational performance, with particular attention to research conducted in North African and Moroccan contexts. The analysis highlights the progressive expansion of performance beyond economic and financial outcomes toward social, environmental, managerial, commercial, competitive, technical, and technological dimensions. Based on the convergence observed in the literature, the study proposes an analytical classification organized around three broad areas: financial performance, societal performance, and managerial performance. Financial performance captures the economic and financial outcomes achieved by the organization, while societal performance encompasses the social and environmental aspects of organizational activities. Managerial performance reflects the role of management in directing resources, coordinating activities, and supporting the achievement of organizational objectives. The proposed classification provides a structured reading of the diversity of dimensions identified in previous research while recognizing their potential interrelationships. The research contributes to the conceptual understanding of global performance by providing an analytical framework that may serve as a basis for future empirical research.

Keywords: Global performance, financial performance, societal performance, managerial performance, multidimensionality